English psy terms, courtesy of Jelena Pesic :)

Learning

Extinction — The weakening of the conditioned response in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus; A previously reinforced response is no longer reinforced and there is decreased tendency to perform the response.

Counterconditioning — A procedure for weakening a CR by associating the fear-provoking stimulus with a new response incompatible with the fear.

Operant Conditioning: Form of learning in which the consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior’s occurrence. The behavior operates on the environments, and the environment in turn operates on the behavior.

Law of Effect — Behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthen, whereas behaviors followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

S-R Theory — Organism’s behavior is due to a connection between a stimulus and a response.
Thorndike’s view: The correct stimulus-response association strengths and the incorrect association weakens because of the consequences of the organism’s actions

B. F. Skinner: Developed concept of operant conditioning. Presented idea of scientifically managed society (utopian society through behavioral control)

Skinner box:
Reinforcement (reward) — A consequence that increases the probability that a behavior will occur. Positive Reinforcement (the frequency of a response increases because it is followed by a stimulus); Negative Reinforcement (the frequency of a response increases because the response is either removes a stimulus or involves avoiding the stimulus). Punishment (a consequence that decreases the probability that a behavior will occur).

Shaping — the process of rewarding approximations of desired behavior.

Primary Reinforcement: involves the use of reinforces that are innately satisfying, that is they do not take any learning on the organism’s part to make them pleasurable.

Secondary Reinforcement acquires its positive value through experience; secondary reinforces are learned or conditioned reinforces.

Schedules of Reinforcement, partial Reinforcement- "timetables" that determine when a response will be reinforced.

Applied behavior analysis (behavior modification) — Application of operant condition principles to change human behavior.

Observational Learning — (imitation or modeling) Learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates someone’s behavior.

-S-O-R Model — A model of learning that gives some importance to cognitive factors: S=stimulus, O=organism, "black box", R=response